Rabu, 24 Juni 2009

TAFSEER TAHLILI

يأَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لا تَقُولُوا رَاعِنَا وَقُولُوا انْظُرْنَا وَاسْمَعُوا وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (104) مَا يَوَدُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ وَلا الْمُشْرِكِينَ أَنْ يُنزلَ عَلَيْكُمْ مِنْ خَيْرٍ مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ وَاللَّهُ يَخْتَصُّ بِرَحْمَتِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَاللَّهُ ذُو الْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ (105)
The meanings of vocabularies: : (راعنا) Listen to us, the Arab usually use this word, but in Jews connotation it’s mean an insult. (أنظرنا): look upon us, take attention to us, and make easy for us. (أليم): painful: poignant in fire.
Al-I’rab: (راعنا) (listen to us): verbal sentence occupied nasb (نسب) position. (أهل الكتاب من): the function of من is for explanation (بيان). (من خير): the function of من is just for addition, it constancy (تقديره) is خير من ربكم.
Al-Balaghah: من ربكم : the dependent on (الإضافة) here is for improving the noble and a warning for the believers, and من is for beginning the goal.
(و الله يختص) and (و الله ذو الفضل) the origin (source) of this both sentences is lafz jalalah for pointing out the glory of the matter.
The corelation between ayat 104 and 105, in ayat 104 Allah forbade the believers to follow the attitude and thought of Jews, Christians and The idolaters and in ayat 105 Allah explained us behind the prohibition of it. Allah told that the lacks of them, although they knew the trully of Islam, they did not want to embrace Islam as their religion, because of their spitefulness toward Muslim.
O, ye who believe! Say not (to the Messenger) Ra’ina but say Unzurna (make us understand) and hear. And for the disbelievers there is a painful torment (104). Neither those who disbelieve among the People of the Scripture (Jews and Christians) nor al-Mushrikin (the idolaters) like that there should be sent down unto you any good from your Lord. But Allah chooses for His mercy whom he wills. And Allah is the Owner of great bounty (105).
O ye who believe, say not (unto the Prophet): “Listen to us” [ra‘ina] ….(104) Said Ibn ‘Abbas according to the narration of ‘Ata’: “This is because the Arabs used to employ this expression [ra‘ina], so when the Jews heard them using it with the Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, they liked it. This same expression in the parlance of the Jews had the connotation of vile abusive language. They said: ‘Before, we used to abuse Muhammad secretly. Now, you can abuse him openly because this expression is used in their speech’. Therefore, they used to come to Allah’s Prophet, Allah bless him and give him peace, and say: ‘O Muhammad! ra‘ina’, and the they would laugh. A man from the Helpers — Sa‘d ibn ‘Ubadah who understood well the language of the Jews—understood the reason. He said to them: ‘O enemies of Allah! May Allah’s curse be on you. By Him in Whose Hand is Muhammad’s soul, I will cut the head of any man of you who utters this expression’. They objected, saying: ‘But do you not use the same expression with him?’ And therefore Allah, exalted is He, revealed: (O ye who believe, say not (unto the Prophet): “Listen to us” [ra‘ina] but say “Look upon us” [unzurna]….
Neither those who disbelieve among the people of the Scripture nor the idolaters love…(105). The commentators of the Qur’an said: “Whenever the Muslims said to their allies from amongst the Jews: ‘Believe in Muhammad!’ They would say: ‘This to which you are inviting us is not better than what we have; we only wish it was better’. Allah, exalted is He, revealed this verse to give them the lie”.
Allah forbade His believing servants for imitating the behavior and deeds of the disbelievers. The Jews used to use devious words that hide what they really meant, may Allah’s curse be upon them. When they wanted to say, “hear us”, they would use the word “ra’ina”, which is an insult (in Hebrew, but means “hear us” in Arabic). Allah said:
مِنَ الَّذِينَ هَادُوا يُحَرِّفُونَ الْكَلِمَ عَنْ مَوَاضِعِهِ وَيَقُولُونَ سَمِعْنَا وَعَصَيْنَا وَاسْمَعْ غَيْرَ مُسْمَعٍ وَرَاعِنَا لَيًّا بِأَلْسِنَتِهِمْ وَطَعْنًا فِي الدِّينِ وَلَوْ أَنَّهُمْ قَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا وَاسْمَعْ وَانْظُرْنَا لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ وَأَقْوَمَ وَلَكِنْ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِكُفْرِهِمْ فَلا يُؤْمِنُونَ إِلا قَلِيلا [النساء: 46]
Among those who are Jews, there are some who displace words from (their) right places and say: “We hear your word (O Muhammad) and disobey, “and “Hear and let you (O Muhammad) hear nothing”. And ra’ina with a twist of their tongues and as a mockery of their religion (Islam). And if only they had said: “We hear and obey” and Do make us understand”, it would have been better for them, and more proper; but Allah cursed them for their disbelief, so they believe not except a few. (an-Nisa: 46).

Also, the hadiths stated that when they would greet Muslim, they would say "As-Samu 'alaikum", meaning, "death be to you". This is why we were commanded to answer them by saying, "Wa 'alaykum", meaning, "and to you too", then our supplication against them shall be answered, rather than theirs against us.
Allah forbade the believers from imitating the disbelievers in tongue or deed. Allah said: "O, ye who believe! Say not (to the Messenger) Ra’ina but say Unzurna (make us understand) and hear. And for the disbelievers there is a painful torment". (2:104).
Also, Imam Ahmad narrated that 'Ibn 'Umar said that the Messenger of Allah said:
بعثت بين يدي الساعة بالسيف، حتى يُعبد الله وحده لا شريك له. وجعل رزقي تحت ظل رمحي، وجعلت الذلة والصَّغارُ على من خالف أمري، ومن تشبه بقوم فهو منهم.
I was sent with the sword just before the Last Hour, so that Allah is worshipped alone without partners. My sustenance was provided for me from under the shadow of my spear. Those who oppose my command were humiliated and made inferior, and whoever imitates a people, he is one of them.

Abu Dawud narrated that the Prophet said:
من تشبه بقوم فهو منهم
Whoever imitates a people is one of them.
These hadiths indicate, along with their treats and warnings, that we are not allowed to imitate the disbelievers in their statements, deeds, styles, feasts, acts, or worships, etc, whatever action of the disbelievers that were not legislated and suitable for us.
Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn 'Abbas commented on the ayat, "Say not (to the Messenger) Ra'ina, They used to say to the Prophet, Ar'ina samak (which is an insult). Ibn Abu Hatim said that it was reported that Abu al-Aliyah, Abu Malik, ar-Rabi' bin Anas, 'Atiyah al-Awfi and Qatadah said similarly. Further, Mujahid said, "Do not say Ra'ina means, "do not dispute". Mujahid said in another narration, "Do not say, "We hear from you, and you hear from us". Also, 'Atha said, "Do not say, "Ra'ina", which was a dialect the Anshar used and which was forbidden from use by Allah".
Also, as-Suddi said, "Rifa'ah bin Zayd, a Jewish man from the tribe of Qaynuqa', used to come to the Prophet and say to him, "Hear, Ghayr Musma'in (let you hear nothing)". The Muslims used to think that the Prophets are greeted and honored with this type of speech, and this is why some of them used to say, "Hear, let you hear nothing", and so on, as mentioned in Surat an-Nisa. There after, Allah forbade the believers from uttering the word "Ra'ina". Abdurrahman bin Zayd bin Aslam also said similarly.
These ayat told us the unwillingness of Jews, Christians and the Idolaters to embrace the Islam because of their spitefulness toward Muslims especially to Arabic people because the last Prophet was delegated from Arabic not from them.





REFERENCES


An- Naysaburi , Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Ahmad al-Wahidi, Asbab an-Nuzul, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1991.
As-Sijistani, Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al-Asy'ats, Sunan Abu Dawud, software al-Maktabah asy-Syamilah, vol. 4.
Asy-Syaibani, Ahmad ibn Hanbal Abu Abdillah, Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal, software al-Maktabah asy-Syamilah, vol. 3.
Az-Zuhayli , Prof. Dr. Wahbah, al-Tafsir al-Munir fi al-‘Aqidah wa al-Shari’ah wa al-Manhaj, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr al-Mu’asir, 1991.
Ibn Kathir, Al-Hafidz ‘Imad ad-Din Abu al-Fida Isma’il, Tafsir al-Qur’an al-‘Azhim, vol. 1, Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 1993.

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